1. CentOs根目录扩充磁盘空间
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通过虚拟机或者实体机扩充磁盘空间，比如增加50G
[root@2-7 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000b2bf1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 47.2 GB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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创建新的磁盘分区
[root@2-7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (104857600-209715199, default 104857600): Using default value 104857600 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (104857600-209715199, default 209715199): Using default value 209715199 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. [root@2-7 ~]# reboot -
查看物理分区（已增加/dev/sda3）及物理卷组（VFree为0）
[root@2-7 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000b2bf1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 104857600 209715199 52428800 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 47.2 GB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes [root@2-7 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <49.00g 0 [root@2-7 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <49.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 12543 Alloc PE / Size 12543 / <49.00 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID VlZxed-BsNy-Xo4H-el5c-BYIP-DVVh-pzcFTr
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创建新的物理卷组
[root@2-7 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3 Volume group "centos" successfully extended
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查看物理卷组(VFree增加50G)和逻辑卷（/dev/centos/root的LV Size为44G）
[root@2-7 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 2 2 0 wz--n- 98.99g <50.00g [root@2-7 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 6 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 98.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 25342 Alloc PE / Size 12543 / <49.00 GiB Free PE / Size 12799 / <50.00 GiB VG UUID VlZxed-BsNy-Xo4H-el5c-BYIP-DVVh-pzcFTr [root@2-7 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID QyktiL-UteY-Ll0R-lcT8-eHgz-50l0-Gy8Bul LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-03 13:19:17 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 5.00 GiB Current LE 1280 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID 3EC7w9-sDQz-hEAQ-EPE1-FsAp-1Aw3-yqPVFP LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-03 13:19:17 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <44.00 GiB Current LE 11263 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
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扩展 LVM 的逻辑卷 centos-root
[root@2-7 ~]# lvextend /dev/centos/root /dev/sda3 Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <44.00 GiB (11263 extents) to 93.99 GiB (24062 extents). Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
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查看逻辑卷（dev/centos/root的LV Size已增加到93G）和系统文件（/为44G)
[root@2-7 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID QyktiL-UteY-Ll0R-lcT8-eHgz-50l0-Gy8Bul LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-03 13:19:17 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 5.00 GiB Current LE 1280 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID 3EC7w9-sDQz-hEAQ-EPE1-FsAp-1Aw3-yqPVFP LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-03 13:19:17 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 93.99 GiB Current LE 24062 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@2-7 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 44G 43G 1.6G 97% / devtmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 9.8G 28K 9.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 9.8G 8.6M 9.8G 1% /run tmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 145M 870M 15% /boot tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /run/user/0
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同步文件系统（xfs_growfs或者resize2fs)
[root@2-7 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2883328 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=11533312, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5631, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 11533312 to 24639488 -
查看文件系统大小（/为90G)
[root@2-7 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 94G 43G 52G 46% / devtmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 9.8G 28K 9.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 9.8G 8.5M 9.8G 1% /run tmpfs 9.8G 0 9.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 145M 870M 15% /boot tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /run/user/0