Linux命令英文全称

1. Linux目录含义

目录	英文全称	中文含义
/bin	Binaries	二进制文件
/dev	Devices	设备
/etc	Etcetra，Editable Text Configuration，Extended Tool Chest	配置文件
/lib	Library	库
/proc	Processes	进程
/sbin	Superuser Binaries	超级用户的二进制文件
/tmp	Temporary	临时
/usr	Unix Shared Resources
/var	Variable	变量

英文全称

中文含义

/bin

Binaries

二进制文件

/dev

Devices

设备

/etc

Etcetra，Editable Text Configuration，Extended Tool Chest

配置文件

/lib

Library

库

/proc

Processes

进程

/sbin

Superuser Binaries

超级用户的二进制文件

/tmp

Temporary

临时

/usr

Unix Shared Resources

/var

Variable

变量

2. Linux文件后缀含义

后缀	英文全称	中文含义
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）	Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）	K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
.a	Archive，static library	扩展名a
.so	Shared object，dynamically linked library	扩展名so
.o	Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file	扩展名o

后缀

英文全称

中文含义

文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）

Resource configuration

Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）

K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）

.a

Archive，static library

扩展名a

.so

Shared object，dynamically linked library

扩展名so

.o

Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file

扩展名o

3. 包及软件含义

软件名	英文全称	中文含义
RPM	Red hat package manager
dpkg	Debian package manager
apt	Advanced package tool	Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供
FIFO	First In, First Out
GRUB	GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS	Internal Field Seperators
LILO	LInux LOader
SQL	Structured QueryLanguage
MySQL	My SQL	因为作者 Monty 的女儿叫做 My
PHP	Personal Home Page Tools，PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS	Prompt String
Perl	“Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) ，或者”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
Python	得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
Tcl	Tool Command Language
Tk	ToolKit
VT	Video Terminal
YaST	Yet Another Setup Tool
apache	“a patchy” server
Fish	the Friendly Interactive SHell
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA	European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

软件名

英文全称

中文含义

RPM

Red hat package manager

dpkg

Debian package manager

apt

Advanced package tool

Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供

FIFO

First In, First Out

GRUB

GRand Unified Bootloader

IFS

Internal Field Seperators

LILO

LInux LOader

SQL

Structured QueryLanguage

MySQL

My SQL

因为作者 Monty 的女儿叫做 My

PHP

Personal Home Page Tools，PHP HypertextPreprocessor

PS

Prompt String

Perl

“Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) ，或者”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”

Python

得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus

Tcl

Tool Command Language

Tk

ToolKit

VT

Video Terminal

YaST

Yet Another Setup Tool

apache

“a patchy” server

Fish

the Friendly Interactive SHell

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

ECMA

European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

4. Linux命令含义

命令	英文全称	中文含义
pwd	print work directory	打印当前目录显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
ps	process status	进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器
df	disk free	其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
du	Disk usage
rpm	RedHat Package Management	RedHat的发明之一
rmdir	Remove Director	删除目录
rm	Remove	删除目录或文件
cat	concatenate	连锁
insmod	install module	载入模块
ln -s	link -soft	创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
mkdir	Make Directory	创建目录
touch	touch
man	Manual
su	Swith user	切换用户
cd	Change directory
ls	List files
ps	Process Status
mkdir	Make directory
rmdir	Remove directory
mkfs	Make file system
fsck	File system check
uname	Unix name
lsmod	List modules
mv	Move file
rm	Remove file
cp	Copy file
ln	Link files
fg	Foreground
bg	Background
chown	Change owner
chgrp	Change group
chmod	Change mode
umount	Unmount
dd	本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"
tar	Tape archive	磁带档案
ldd	List dynamic dependencies
insmod	Install module
rmmod	Remove module
lsmod	List module
ar	archiver
as	assembler
awk	Aho Weiberger and Kernighan	三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash	Bourne Again SHell
bc	Basic (Better) Calculator
bg	BackGround
biff	作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
cal	Calendar	日历
cat	Catenate	链接
cd	Change Directory
chgrp	Change Group
chmod	Change Mode
chown	Change Owner
chsh	Change Shell
cmp	compare
cobra	Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm	common
cp	Copy
cpio	CoPy In and Out
cpp	C Pre Processor
cron	Chronos	希腊文时间
cups	Common Unix Printing System
cvs	Current Version System
daemon	Disk And Execution MONitor
dc	Desk Calculator
dd	Disk Dump	磁盘转储
df	Disk Free
diff	Difference
dmesg	diagnostic message
du	Disk Usage
ed	editor
egrep	Extended GREP
elf	Extensible Linking Format
elm	ELectronic Mail
emacs	Editor MACroS
eval	EVALuate
ex	EXtended
exec	EXECute (执行)
fd	file descriptors
fg	ForeGround
fgrep	Fixed GREP
fmt	format
fsck	File System ChecK
fstab	FileSystem TABle
fvwm	F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk	GNU AWK
gpg	GNU Privacy Guard
groff	GNU troff
hal	Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe	Joe’s Own Editor
ksh	Korn SHell
lame	Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex	LEXical analyser
lisp	LISt Processing，Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
ln	Link
lpr	Line PRint
ls	list
lsof	LiSt Open Files
m4	Macro processor Version 4
man	MANual pages
mawk	Mike Brennan’s AWK
mc	Midnight Commander
mkfs	MaKe FileSystem
mknod	Make Node
motd	Message of The Day
mozilla	MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab	Mount TABle
mv	Move
nano	Nano’s ANOther editor
nawk	New AWK
nl	Number of Lines
nm	names
nohup	No HangUP
nroff	New ROFF
od	Octal Dump
passwd	Passwd
pg	pager
pico	PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine	Program for Internet News & Email
ping	Packet Internet Grouper
pirntcap	PRINTer CAPability
popd	POP Directory
pr	pre
printf	Print Formatted
ps	Processes Status
pty	pseudo tty
pushd	PUSH Directory
pwd	Print Working Directory
rc	run command
rev	REVerse
rm	ReMove
rn	Read News
roff	RunOFF
rpm	RedHat Package Manager
sed	Stream Editor
seq	SEQuence
shar	Shell ARchive
slrn	S-Lang rn
ssh	Secure Shell
ssl	Secure Sockets Layer
stty	Set TTY
su	Substitute User
svn	SubVersion
tar	Tape ARchive
tcsh	TENEX C shell
tee	T	T形水管接口
telnet	TEminaL over Network
termcap	terminal capability
terminfo	terminal information
tex	τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr	traslate
troff	Typesetter new ROFF
tsort	Topological SORT
tty	TeleTypewriter
twm	Tom’s Window Manager
tz	TimeZone
udev	Userspace DEV
ulimit	User’s LIMIT
umask	User’s MASK
uniq	UNIQue
vi	Very Inconvenient
vim	Vi IMproved
wall	write all
wc	Word Count
wine	WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs	eXtended ARGuments
xdm	X Display Manager
xlfd	X Logical Font Description
xmms	X Multimedia System
xrdb	X Resources DataBase
xwd	X Window Dump
yacc	yet another compiler compiler
su	Switch User

命令

英文全称

中文含义

pwd

print work directory

ps

process status

进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器

df

disk free

其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

du

Disk usage

rpm

RedHat Package Management

RedHat的发明之一

rmdir

Remove Director

删除目录

rm

Remove

删除目录或文件

cat

concatenate

连锁

insmod

install module

载入模块

ln -s

link -soft

创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

mkdir

Make Directory

创建目录

touch

man

Manual

su

Swith user

切换用户

cd

Change directory

ls

List files

ps

Process Status

mkdir

Make directory

rmdir

Remove directory

mkfs

Make file system

fsck

File system check

uname

Unix name

lsmod

List modules

mv

Move file

rm

Remove file

cp

Copy file

ln

Link files

fg

Foreground

bg

Background

chown

Change owner

chgrp

Change group

chmod

Change mode

umount

Unmount

dd

本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"

tar

Tape archive

磁带档案

ldd

List dynamic dependencies

insmod

Install module

rmmod

Remove module

lsmod

List module

ar

archiver

as

assembler

awk

Aho Weiberger and Kernighan

三个作者的姓的第一个字母

bash

Bourne Again SHell

bc

Basic (Better) Calculator

bg

BackGround

biff

作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

cal

Calendar

日历

cat

Catenate

链接

cd

Change Directory

chgrp

Change Group

chmod

Change Mode

chown

Change Owner

chsh

Change Shell

cmp

compare

cobra

Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture

comm

common

cp

Copy

cpio

CoPy In and Out

cpp

C Pre Processor

cron

Chronos

希腊文时间

cups

Common Unix Printing System

cvs

Current Version System

daemon

Disk And Execution MONitor

dc

Desk Calculator

dd

Disk Dump

磁盘转储

df

Disk Free

diff

Difference

dmesg

diagnostic message

du

Disk Usage

ed

editor

egrep

Extended GREP

elf

Extensible Linking Format

elm

ELectronic Mail

emacs

Editor MACroS

eval

EVALuate

ex

EXtended

exec

EXECute (执行)

fd

file descriptors

fg

ForeGround

fgrep

Fixed GREP

fmt

format

fsck

File System ChecK

fstab

FileSystem TABle

fvwm

F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk

GNU AWK

gpg

GNU Privacy Guard

groff

GNU troff

hal

Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe

Joe’s Own Editor

ksh

Korn SHell

lame

Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder

lex

LEXical analyser

lisp

LISt Processing，Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses

ln

Link

lpr

Line PRint

ls

list

lsof

LiSt Open Files

m4

Macro processor Version 4

man

MANual pages

mawk

Mike Brennan’s AWK

mc

Midnight Commander

mkfs

MaKe FileSystem

mknod

Make Node

motd

Message of The Day

mozilla

MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab

Mount TABle

mv

Move

nano

Nano’s ANOther editor

nawk

New AWK

nl

Number of Lines

nm

names

nohup

No HangUP

nroff

New ROFF

od

Octal Dump

passwd

Passwd

pg

pager

pico

PIne’s message COmposition editor

pine

Program for Internet News & Email

ping

Packet Internet Grouper

pirntcap

PRINTer CAPability

popd

POP Directory

pr

pre

printf

Print Formatted

ps

Processes Status

pty

pseudo tty

pushd

PUSH Directory

pwd

Print Working Directory

rc

run command

rev

REVerse

rm

ReMove

rn

Read News

roff

RunOFF

rpm

RedHat Package Manager

sed

Stream Editor

seq

SEQuence

shar

Shell ARchive

slrn

S-Lang rn

ssh

Secure Shell

ssl

Secure Sockets Layer

stty

Set TTY

su

Substitute User

svn

SubVersion

tar

Tape ARchive

tcsh

TENEX C shell

tee

T

T形水管接口

telnet

TEminaL over Network

termcap

terminal capability

terminfo

terminal information

tex

τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art

tr

traslate

troff

Typesetter new ROFF

tsort

Topological SORT

tty

TeleTypewriter

twm

Tom’s Window Manager

tz

TimeZone

udev

Userspace DEV

ulimit

User’s LIMIT

umask

User’s MASK

uniq

UNIQue

vi

Very Inconvenient

vim

Vi IMproved

wall

write all

wc

Word Count

wine

WINE Is Not an Emulator

xargs

eXtended ARGuments

xdm

X Display Manager

xlfd

X Logical Font Description

xmms

X Multimedia System

xrdb

X Resources DataBase

xwd

X Window Dump

yacc

yet another compiler compiler

su

Switch User